Theories of love to explain
how love is formed and lasts.
Love is a fundamental human emotion, but understanding how and why it happens is not necessarily easy. In fact, for a long time, many people have suggested that love is simply something too primal, mysterious and spiritual so that science can always understand it.
Here are four of the main theories proposed to explain love and other emotional attachments.
Love vs. love
Psychologist Zick Rubin proposed that romantic love consists of three elements:
1- Attachment
2-Care
3-Privacy
Rubin thought we sometimes had great appreciation and admiration for others. We like to spend time with them and want to be around them, but that does not necessarily mean love. Instead, Rubin called it love.
Love, on the other hand, is much deeper, more intense and includes a strong desire for physical intimacy and contact. "Like" people like each other's company, while "lovers" care as much about each other's needs as they do about each other.
Attachment is the need to receive care, approval and physical contact with the other person. Caring involves valuing the needs and happiness of the other person as much as yours. Intimacy refers to the sharing of thoughts, desires, and feelings with the other person.
Based on this definition, Rubin developed a questionnaire to assess attitudes towards others and found that these scales of taste and love supported his conception of love.
Compassionate or passionate love
According to psychologist Elaine Hatfield and her colleagues, there are two types of love:
1. Compassionate love
2. Passionate love
Compassionate love is characterized by mutual respect, attachment, affection and trust. Compassionate love generally develops from feelings of mutual understanding and mutual respect.
Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions, sexual attraction, anxiety and affection. When these intense emotions are reciprocal, people feel exalted and fulfilled. Non-reciprocal love leads to feelings of despondency and despair. Hatfield suggests that passionate love is transient and usually lasts between 6 and 30 months.
Hatfield also suggests that passionate love manifests itself when cultural expectations encourage a fall, when the person meets your preconceptions of ideal love, and when you experience increased physiological arousal in the presence of the other person.
Ideally, passionate love then leads to a compassionate, much more lasting love. Although most people want relationships that combine security and stability of compassion with intense passionate love, Hatfield thinks this is rare.
The chromatic wheel model of love
In his 1973 book, The Colors of Love, psychologist John Lee compared styles of love to the color wheel. Just as there are three primary colors, Lee suggested that there are three primary styles of love. These three styles of love are:
1. Eros: The term eros comes from the Greek word meaning "passionate" or "erotic". Lee suggested that this type of love involves both physical and emotional passion.
2. Ludos: Ludos comes from the Greek word meaning "game". This form of love is designed as playful and fun, but not necessarily serious. Those who manifest this form of love are not ready for commitment and are wary of too much intimacy.
3. Storge: Storge comes from the Greek term meaning "natural affection". This form of love is often represented by family love between parents and children, brothers and sisters and extended family members. This kind of love can also be born of friendship when people sharing interests and commitments gradually develop affection for each other.
Continuing the analogy of the color wheel, Lee proposed that just as primary colors could be combined to create complementary colors, these three primary love styles could be combined to create nine different secondary love styles.
For example, combining Eros
and Ludos results in obsessive mania or love.
Lee's 6 love styles
• Three main styles:
o 1. Eros - love an ideal person
o 2. Ludos - Love as a game
o 3. Storge - Love as a friendship
• Three secondary styles:
o 1. Mania (Eros + Ludos) - Obsessive Love
o 2. Pragma (Ludos + Storge) - Realistic and practical love
o 3. Agape (Eros + Storge) - Selfless love
Triangular theory of love
Psychologist Robert Sternberg has proposed a triangular theory suggesting that there are three components of love:
1. Intimacy
2. passion
3. commitment
Different combinations of these three components result in different types of love. For example, combining intimacy and commitment results in a companion's love, while combining passion and intimacy leads to a romantic love.
According to Sternberg, relationships built on two or more elements are more durable than those based on a single component. Sternberg uses the term "consumed love" to describe a combination of intimacy, passion and commitment. Although this type of love is the strongest and most durable, Sternberg suggests that this type of love is rare.
Lee's 6 love styles
• Three main styles:
o 1. Eros - love an ideal person
o 2. Ludos - Love as a game
o 3. Storge - Love as a friendship
• Three secondary styles:
o 1. Mania (Eros + Ludos) - Obsessive Love
o 2. Pragma (Ludos + Storge) - Realistic and practical love
o 3. Agape (Eros + Storge) - Selfless love
Triangular theory of love
Psychologist Robert Sternberg has proposed a triangular theory suggesting that there are three components of love:
1. Intimacy
2. passion
3. commitment
Different combinations of these three components result in different types of love. For example, combining intimacy and commitment results in a companion's love, while combining passion and intimacy leads to a romantic love.
According to Sternberg, relationships built on two or more elements are more durable than those based on a single component. Sternberg uses the term "consumed love" to describe a combination of intimacy, passion and commitment. Although this type of love is the strongest and most durable, Sternberg suggests that this type of love is rare.
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